Surface topography measured by tapping mode AFM: sample A, large-area scan.
Surface topography measured by tapping mode AFM: sample A, height mode. The "S" arrow indicates an instance of step termination associated with a screw-character threading dislocation intersection the surface of the film. The "E" arrow indicates an instance of a smaller surface depression typically associated with pure edge threading dislocation.
Surface topography measured by tapping mode AFM: sample B, height mode. "S" and "E" arrows as in Figure 2b.