| The change of surface elemental population of a sapphire substrate during ECR plasma nitridation. The relative peak intensities are obtained by TOF-MSRI at different surface temperature. |
| The TOF-MSRI spectra vs. ECR-nitridation exposure time from a sapphire surface. The ECR power is 200 W and the substrate temperature is 700 °C. |
| A TOF-MSRI spectrum from a sapphire substrate exposed to NH3+TEG at 550 °C. Only a small Ga peak is seen in the absence of N peak. |